Cov neeg siv khoom xav tau xoom-additive thiab huv daim ntawv lo tau dhau los ua pom tseeb dua, uas tseem txhais tau tias cov kev daws teeb meem ntuj thiab noj qab haus huv yuav ua rau muaj ntau dua.
Cov kab lus "nws yog txhua yam hais txog thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj" ua rau video blogger Xin Jifei nce 5 lab tus thwjtim hauv 30 hnub, thiab tseem ua rau tag nrho lub network raug kev txom nyem los ntawm PTSD.
Lub seemingly mellow Tangbai ntxiv nrog "peb paj evaporated mis nyuj", gelatin nplooj txiav mus rau hauv txhob lo lo ntxhuav ua npuas ncauj, mos thiab qab zib, uas yog ib lub tais ntawm nourishing noog lub zes nrog "aniseed txaus"... Hauv Xin Jifei's video , txhua yam tuaj yeem noj hauv qhov ncauj. Additive Synthesis. Qhov no ua rau cov pej xeem muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, thiab tseem tau teeb tsa kev sib tham zoo txog qhov tseeb ntawm seb cov khoom noj khoom haus puas muaj kev nyab xeeb lossis tsis zoo.
Qhov kev xav ntawm pej xeem kev ntxhov siab no tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau 100 billion tus nqi lag luam ntawm "soy sauce tycoon" Haitian Flavor Industry. Tau ntsib nrog cov lus nug ntawm "ob tus qauv", Haitian cov lus hais tias "kev siv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv hauv txhua yam khoom thiab lawv cov ntawv ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev cai" pom tseeb tsis tuaj yeem ua rau kev npau taws ntawm kev ua lag luam.
#01 Txiv Plig Nyiaj Pov
Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus, nws tsis tuaj yeem raug dab. Tom qab tag nrho, "nws yog hooligan los tham txog cov co toxins ib sab ntawm koob", cia ib leeg tias tib neeg tau siv "khoom noj khoom haus" txij li ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los - xws li lub rooj ntsev, uas tshwm sim 8, 000 xyoo. dhau los.
Cov zaub mov khaws cia los ntawm ntsev tsis tsuas yog qab qab zoo tab sis kuj tsis lwj yooj yim. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov pom, "preservative" ntsev tuaj yeem suav tias yog poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv.
Txhawm rau kom cov taum pauv, brine, uas yog, magnesium chloride, tau siv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Han Dynasty. Kwv yees li 900 xyoo tom qab, alum, uas tau thuam ntau tshaj li cov qauv txhuas, tau ntxiv rau Song people's fritters formula, uas yog ntau dua nyob rau niaj hnub no kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv.
Saib txawv teb chaws, kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv kuj muaj keeb kwm ntev.
Nyob rau hauv 1500 BC, cov neeg Iyiv siv pigments los ua cov khoom qab zib zoo nkauj; nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th BC, xim liab ntawm caw yog tsuas yog kho los ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Raws li rau cov khoom noj khoom noj uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg, cov neeg Askiv tau tawm cov xim xim, aniline violet, los ntawm cov thee tar hauv xyoo pua 19th.
Hauv 100 xyoo tom ntej no, cov khoom noj khoom haus tau pib taug kev los tswj lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam zaub mov.
Tshwj xeeb rau Suav lag luam. Ua ntej kev hloov kho thiab qhib, ib qho me me ntawm monosodium glutamate, poov xab, enzymes, xylitol thiab citric acid yeej ua rau thaj chaw ntawm thawj tiam ntawm cov khoom noj hauv tsev. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980, lub lag luam loj hlob sai heev tau tso tawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob tawg.
Xyoo 1996, Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm GB2760 "Txoj Cai Kev Nyab Xeeb rau Kev Siv Khoom Noj Khoom Haus", ua haujlwm nias lub zog khawm rau daim ntawv thov loj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev ua zaub mov.
Raws li xyoo 1999, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv tsev tau nce los ntawm ntau ntau hom ua ntej xyoo 1980 txog 1,474. Los ntawm 2021, tus lej no tau nce mus txog ze li ntawm 2,500, qeb duas thawj echelon ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv thiab muag lub teb chaws.
Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau tshaj 25, 000 hom khoom noj khoom haus additives nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab cov npe ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom xyaw yuav luag tag nrho transcripts lub saj nco ntawm tib neeg nyob rau ze li ib puas xyoo.
Qhov hu ua deliciousness tsuas yog qhia ib nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg hauv cov zaub mov; lwm ib nrab belongs rau lub additive xeem av ntawm "ua chemistry txhim kho lub neej".
#02 100 Billion Kev Lag Luam
Niaj hnub no, qhov ntsuas ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus yog ze li ntawm 300 trillion, thiab nws tau nce mus tas li ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kwv yees li 10 feem pua. Cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv nrog cov khoom tsim tawm thiab kev lag luam tawm tus nqi kuj tseem loj hlob ntawm tus nqi tib yam.
Xyoo 2021, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv yuav ntau dua 11.97 lab tons, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 13.26 feem pua, thiab kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom loj hauv kev lag luam yuav ncav cuag 134.1 billion yuan. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tuam txhab khoom noj khoom haus hauv Suav tau tshaj 110,{10}}, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ze li ntawm 80 feem pua.
Tshaj li 30 xyoo dhau los, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam tau txuas ua ke, thiab lawv tseem nyob rau lub sijhawm honeymoon ntawm kev txhim kho. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv rau cov zaub mov tuaj yeem pom.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov khoom muaj nuj nqi, cov khoom noj khoom haus "enchanted" rau cov xim thiab cov khoom qab zib cater rau cov feem ntau denominator ntawm pej xeem tastes. Hauv lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv yog flattery kom txo tau cov nqi thiab nce efficiency.
Hauv cov khoom noj niaj hnub no, tus nqi raw khoom ntawm cov khoom feem ntau suav nrog ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim khoom loj thiab kev muag khoom, ib feem loj ntawm kev ntseeg siab hauv kev tsim khoom loj thiab cov nqi qis ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tau muab los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Ib nrab xyoo dhau los, Lee Kum Kee tau nyem tawm nws cov neeg sib tw xyoo pua, Rong Yeung, los ua tus huab tais tshiab ntawm kev lag luam oyster sauce. Rau ib qho twg, nws tso siab rau kev qhia txog kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob los hloov cov neeg siv phau ntawv thiab ua kom nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev ua lag luam nrog cov khoom loj.
Raws li cov txheej txheem kev lag luam thaum lub sijhawm, kev tsim khoom loj thiab kev lag luam tawm thiab nyob rau. Rong Yuan, uas tau tso siab rau tes ua noj nrog ntoo tuab thiab hluav taws kub, tsuas tuaj yeem tsim tau 2 phaus ntses ntses rau 100 phaus ntawm cov oysters nyoos. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Lee Kum Kee, uas tau pab los ntawm caramel, monosodium glutamate, thiab poov tshuaj sorbate, nws tsis muaj zog los tawm tsam rov qab.
Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm "tsis zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig siab" kuj tseem txhawb nqa kev tsim kho ntawm kev lag luam hauv cov channel, kev lag luam, kev tsim khoom, kev tsim tawm thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas, yog li thaum kawg pab cov hom lag luam monopolize kev lag luam loj.
Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws muaj ntau heev.
Khoom noj khoom haus additives pab cov hom lag luam sai sai rau lawv cov nees nrog cov khoom tsis zoo thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov no tsis txawv ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus qauv hauv Is Taws Nem uas siv nyiaj kub kub los tuav lub khw hauv xyoo tas los no.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias thev naus laus zis tau nce mus, thiab tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tau ua tiav.
#03 Angel or Devil
Hais txog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb tshaj qhov tsis paub, thiab kev paub dav dav thiab lub hom phiaj tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau ib hmos.
Ua ntej, txawm tias qhov laj thawj yuav zoo li cas, nws yuav tsum tau ntsib kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ib txwm muaj.
Txoj cai lij choj yog kab hauv qab ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees, yog li lub teb chaws tus qauv tsuas yog ib txoj kab hla rau cov zaub mov zoo. Cov khoom lag luam raug kaw nyob rau hauv kev muaj sia nyob tam sim no, thiab tuaj yeem tso tseg ib ntus kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv nyob rau hauv txoj cai ciam teb, thiab txhim kho ntsiag to tacitly. Tab sis siv "kev cai lij choj ntxiv" hauv txoj kev loj raws li daim thaiv npog rau qhov tsis zoo yog qhov ruam lossis qhov phem xwb.
Niaj hnub no, ntau lub koom haum kev lag luam tau xav txog kev tsim cov khoom zoo thiab cov khoom sib txawv los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv hauv zos, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam uas feem ntau siab dua li cov qauv hauv teb chaws. Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev lag luam sab hauv nug cov nqi xauj tsev ntawm qee lub tuam txhab loj, ntawm qhov tod tes, kev ua raws li kev ua tau zoo thiab cov qauv yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa ntawm theem kev xav.
Cov qauv yog, tom qab tag nrho, siab thiab qis.
Thib ob, ceev faj txog qee qhov kev lag luam pseudo-kev noj qab haus huv hauv qab chij ntawm "0 ntxiv".
Ntau lub npe siv "tso rov qab ua tes ua" thiab "kev ua haujlwm qub qub" ua lawv cov ntsiab lus muag los txhawb cov khoom uas muaj ntuj thiab tsis muaj mob, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv muag cov khoom tsis raug cai uas tseem tsis tau ua tiav kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Qhov muag tsis pom kev tsis lees paub kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus tsis txawv. Anti-kev txawj ntse. Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom lag luam uas lees tias ntsuab thiab organic rau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis ua si cov lus ua si tom qab. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj khaws cia tau hloov mus rau "cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo fermented", cov tshuaj yej polyphenols tau sau ua "ntsuab tshuaj yej extract", thiab "0 sucrose" yog sib npaug rau "0 qab zib".
Exaggerated marketing rhetoric, ntau tshaj tawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntseeg siab, thiab yog li dhau los ua tsis tau vim yog lub npe tsis zoo tom qab qhov xwm txheej. Ib yam li cov npe khoom muaj peev xwm ua tau siab npaum li Zhong Xue Gao, txawm tias cov carrageenan raug tswj nyob rau hauv tus qauv koob tshuaj, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem zam txim los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam. Yeej, nws tseem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov khoom tiag.
Tag nrho cov no tau ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txaus ntshai ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv kom tau txais kev khiav tsheb, yog li ntawd qhov kev noj haus tshiab tau qhib rau sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv.
Thib peb, zam qee qhov kev paub tseem ceeb thiab tsis tsim nyog los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau rau cov khoom noj ntxiv.
Piv txwv li, nws tau dhau los ua ib hom kev txawj ntse inertia rau qee yam kom sib npaug crudely muaj cov khoom noj ntxiv nrog "tshuaj lom". Yog li ntawd, cov lus xaiv qub qub xws li "cov noodles tam sim ntawd tsis tuaj yeem lwj tom qab noj" thiab "pigment ua rau dig muag" tseem tsis tau ploj mus.
Dab tsi ntxiv, feem ntau hais lus, lub teb chaws tsim ntau dua, ntau hom khoom noj khoom haus nws muaj. Ua piv txwv ntawm lub tebchaws United States superpower, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj nyob hauv tsev tau mus txog 4,000, uas yog ntau dua li ze li ntawm 2,500 cov ntawv tso cai hauv tsev.
Raws li cov kev paub saum toj no, cov lus teb tseem pom tseeb - rau kev noj qab haus huv, kev siv cov khoom noj ntxiv yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias muaj cov kev xav tau tsim nyog xws li kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tiv thaiv corrosion, kev ua lag luam kuj tseem xav tau kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab haus huv cov zaub mov ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lus dag "daim duab peb sab tsis tau" ntawm "kev noj qab haus huv, qab, nqi-zoo", uas tseem ceeb taw tes rau ntau yam kev ua si ntawm cov khoom zoo, cov neeg siv khoom nyiam thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Raws li tus qauv ntawm "tseem ceeb thiab xav tau" ntawm cov tub lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom thiab txawm tias tag nrho cov lag luam, xws li kev ua si yuav tsis muaj kev ntseeg mus ntxiv mus ntev.
Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias qhov no yog qhov kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum txhais tau li cas.
#04 Clean Label
Cov kev mob tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo tom qab, tseem muaj ntau tus neeg tau txais kev pab uas tsis tau rov qab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nyab xeeb khoom noj uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis raug cai ntxiv xws li Sudan liab thiab melamine. Cov xwm txheej kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov pej xeem ib zaug.
Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias txawm tias qhov xwm txheej loj ntawm kev ua txhaum cai loj raug muab tso tseg, kev noj cov khoom noj khoom haus mus sij hawm ntev yog tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev txhawb siab uas ua rau "kab mob ntawm kev vam meej" lossis " kab mob ntawm kev nplua nuj" hauv niaj hnub no. neeg. Qhov kev hem thawj ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv rau kev noj qab haus huv kuj yog ib qho khoom lag luam inevitable ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam khoom noj hauv tsev.
"Peb lub neej tsis muaj kev sib cais los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv. Txhua tus yuav tsum tau noj ntau pua cov khoom noj ntxiv txhua hnub. Qhov no yeej tsis yog qhov ua rau ntau dhau." Tus thawj coj ntawm R thiab D department ntawm lub tuam txhab khoom noj khoom haus North Xiaguang tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, "Ib kwv yees li 50 mus rau 100 additives yog siv los ua ib lub khob cij, txij thaum pib mus txog rau thaum xaus."
Raws li qhov no, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv kev suav ntawm cov xwm txheej uas "tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw suav nrog 1/3 ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom", rau cov "khoom noj hauv tebchaws" ntau heev nrog cov nqi ntawm ob peb duas las, cov neeg siv khoom dab tsi. noj lwm yam uas tsis kho siab, lub hom yog tiag tiag nyob rau hauv lub plawv Countless?
Qhov tseeb, tom qab txhua qhov kev tsis ntseeg yog cov neeg siv khoom nce ntxiv rau "kev noj qab haus huv". Nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tsis nyiam cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv uas muab niaj hnub no cov khoom noj hauv Suav nrog lub sijhawm los hloov kho thiab rov ua dua.
Piv txwv li, qab zib ntau dhau, calories, thiab rog tau yooj yim tuaj yeem ua rau rog rog, cuam tshuam cov metabolism, thiab ua kom cov laus. Cov tub ntxhais hluas xav noj qab haus huv, ntau dua thiab ceev faj txog cov khoom noj uas ua tiav thiab cov khoom siv dag zog ntxiv, thiab cov khoom lag luam pib pib los ntawm cov npe khoom.
Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj yej qib siab xws li HEYTEA, Naixue thiab lwm cov tshuaj yej qib siab tau tawm tswv yim cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag thiab cov tshuaj yej tshiab tshiab, kom cov tshuaj yej cov tshuaj yej ib txwm siv nrog cov tshuaj yej tsis muaj mis nyuj tau maj mam ua tsis pom; kev saws nyuj thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj coj los ntawm Jane Eyre yog "zero-ntxiv" Lub nthwv dej tau qhib qhov sib txawv rau lawv kom muaj sia nyob raws li cov qauv duopoly ntawm Yili Mengniu; cov qauv ntawm ntuj luv-term lav thiab npaj ua ci ci coj los ntawm cov hom xws li Momo Dim Sum Bureau thiab Hutou Bureau tau tsim lub lag luam tshiab rau Suav dim sum hais txog qhov zoo. West Point txoj kev tswj hwm tau txais qee qhov muaj nyob.
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog tom qab iteration ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam saw nrog rau cov khoom noj additives. Thaum nws los txog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, nrog rau kev yeej-yeej kev lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau hais txog yog "leej txiv ntawm xoom qab zib lag luam" Yuanqi Forest.
Ua ntej Yuanqi Hav Zoov, ntau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam tau tshawb pom qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm sucrose, thiab yog li tsim cov piam thaj hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj khoom haus no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tsis tsuas yog tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis kuj tsis siv los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev thov. Ob qhov kawg tau txais dav.
Txij li thaum Yuanqi Hav Zoov, ib hom tshiab ntawm cov piam thaj hloov "erythritol" tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj ntxiv, thiab txawm hloov pauv tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qib tam sim no ntawm cov khoom noj technology thiab cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sim, erythritol tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev kev noj qab haus huv tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv erythritol los ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv thiab txawm tias kev lag luam zaub mov, thiab nws tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev khi rau hauv hav zoov tseem ceeb thiab dhau los ua lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. zoo li cas.
Cov neeg siv khoom xaiv thiab kev cia siab tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau haiv neeg, thiab lawv cov kev xav tau rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab cov resonance ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig tau nce. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub sijhawm tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov khoom siv tiag tiag thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo dua qub, thiab txawm tias qee yam tuaj yeem tiv taus cov nqi sib koom ua ke los ntawm lawv.
Thaum sucrose tau hloov nrog "0-calorie" erythritol, poov tshuaj sorbate "preservative" raug tshem tawm, thiab sodium benzoate "preservative" kuj raug tshem tawm... Daim ntawv teev cov khoom xyaw tshiab kuj txhais tau tias txhua yam ntawm cov tshuab tsim khoom thiab lwm yam. upgrade.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias daim ntawv lo huv si puas tau dhau los ua qhov sib txawv.
